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Works Cited
"Many disciplines have their own documentation systems. MLA style is
widely used in the humanities" because it is simpler and more readable (Gibaldi
105).*
Credit or cite the source(s) of material that you use in
a paper. Failure to credit sources properly is known as plagiarism. Refer to the
MLA Handbook section on "Plagiarism," pages
26-29.
"In MLA documentation style, you acknowledge your sources by
keying brief parenthetical citations in your text to an alphabetical list of
works [Works Cited] that appears at the end of the paper" (Gibaldi
104).
Give credit for:
When crediting a source within the body of your paper the citation should
appear in parentheses. For example:
To avoid interrupting the flow of your writing, place the parenthetical reference where a pause would naturally occur (preferably at the end of a sentence), as near as possible to the material documented. The parenthetical reference precedes the punctuation mark that concludes the sentence, clause, or phrase containing the borrowed material (Gibaldi 187).*
*These are examples of how to use quotations in the
body of your paper. Quotes of under four lines are put in quotes within the text
of your paper. Quotes of over four lines are indented one inch from the left and
right margins and no quotes are used. Each are cited with parenthetical
citations to show the source and the page number.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research
Papers . 4th ed. New
York: The Modern Language Association of America,
1995.
Note: To save space, in this document, we have not
double-spaced the citations even though that is officially what MLA recommends.
We would suggest the spacing used on a "Works Cited List" should be determined
by each teacher.
The following are examples of MLA citations for
various resources:
Book
1. Book by One
Author: (p. 109)
Conner, Paul W.
Benjamin Franklin and a Rising People . Boston: Little Publishing Co.,
1954.
2. Book by Two or Three Authors :
(p. 114-115)
Snover, Stephen L., and Mark A. Spikill. Mathematical
Problem-Solving with
the
Microcomputer: Projects to Increase Your BASIC Programming Skill .Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1982.
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorenson.
TheRope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital
Punishment in Texas, 1923-1990 .Austin: U of
Texas P, 1994.
3. Book by More Than Three
Authors: (p. 115)
Kessler, James H., et al. Distinguished
African American Scientists of the 20thCentury . Phoenix: Oryx Press,
1996.
OR
Kessler, James H., J.S. Kidd, Renee A.
Kidd, and Katherine A. Morin.Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th
century . Phoenix:Oryx Press,
1996.
4. Book by a Corporate Author:
(p.117)
American Medical Association. The American Medical
AssociationEncyclopedia of Medicine. New York: Random,
1989.
5. Work in an Anthology : (p.
117-120)
Connell, Richard. "The Most Dangerous Game." Structure,
Sound and Sense .Eds. Laurence
Perrine and Thomas R. Arp. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt,1983.
8-23.
6. Book by an Editor: (p. 113,
123-124)
Smith, Carter, ed. Prelude to War: A Sourcebook on the Civil
War . Brookfield:Millbrook
Press, 1993.
7. Article in Print Encyclopedia or
Well-known Reference Book: (p.120-121)
Pollock, George H.
"Elephants." World Book Encyclopedia . 1992 ed.
"Social
Differentiation." The New Encyclopaedia Britannica . 15th ed.
1991.
"Ginsburg, Ruth Bader." Who's Who in America . 48th ed.
1994.
8. Article in Less-familiar Reference
Book: (p. 121)
Trainen, Isaac N., et al. "Religious Directives
in Medical Ethics." Encyclopediaof
Bioethics . Ed. Warren T. Reich. 4 vols. New York: Free,
1978.
9. Pamphlets: (p.
131-132)
Wetherbee, Martha. Martha Wetherbee's Handbook of New Shaker
Baskets .Tilton: Sant Bani, 1986.
The Hunter in
Conservation . Newtown, CT: The Council for WildlifeConservation
and Education, Inc., n. d.
10. Article in a
Magazine: (p. 144-145)
Gore, Rick. "Extinctions." National
Geographic June 1989: 662-699.
Marano, Hara Estroff. "Domestic
Violence." Psychology Today Nov.-Dec. 1993:48+.
"The Decade of the Spy." Newsweek 7 Mar. 1994:
26-27.
11. Article in a Scholarly Journal with
Continuous Pagination: (p. 138-140)
White, Sabina, and Andrew
Winzelberg. "Laughter and Stress." Humor 5(1992):
343-55.
12. Article in a Scholarly Journal That
Pages Each Issue Separately: (p. 141)
Baum, Rosalie Murphy.
"Alcoholism and Family Abuse in Maggie and TheBluest Eye ." Mosaic 19.3 (1986):
91-105.
13. Article in a Newspaper: (p.
142-144)
Orr, Jay. "Big Tunes Put Small Publisher on the Map."
Nashville Banner 28 July1997:
B1.
Greeley, Andrew. "Today's Morality Play: The Sitcom." New York
Times 17 May1987, late ed. sec. 2: 1+.
14.
Article in a Microform Collection of Articles (NewsBank): (p.
150)
Chapman, Dan. "Panel Could Help Protect Children." Winston-Salem
Journal 14Jan. 1990. NewsBank: Welfare and Social Problems
21 (1990): fiche 1, gridsA8-11.
15. Article Reprinted in a
Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles (SIRS Print Version): (p.
150)
Mogelonsky, Marcia. "The Rocky Road to Adulthood." American
DemographicsMay 1996: 26+. Family . Ed. Eleanor Goldstein.
Vol. 5. Boca Raton: SIRS,1997. Art.
66.
Rec. 23 Jan. 1943. LP. Prestige, 1977.Capital Records, CS-286, 1968.Barrymore, and
Thomas Mitchell. 1946. Videocassette. Republic, 1988.Program
for Biomedical Education . Prod. Project Cork, DartmouthMedical School. Slide program. Milner-Fenwick,
1982.Barrymore, and
Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946.York. 19 Sept.
1993.Things Considered . Natl. Public Radio. WNYC, New
York. 6 Apr. 1994.ABC. WABC, New
York. 5 Apr. 1994.
21. Article from SIRS CD-ROM: (p.
157)
Jacobson, Jodi L. "Holding Back the Sea." Futurist
Sept.-Oct. 1990: 20-27. EarthScience . Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. 1991. Art. 25. SIRS
Researcher CD-ROM .CD-ROM. Boca
Raton: SIRS, Spring 1997.
22. Article in CD-ROM
Encyclopedia:
Barron, Neil. "Isaac Asimov." The World Book
Multimedia Encyclopedia . CD-ROM. Chicago:
World Book, 1996.
23. Article from Infotrac
CD-ROM (p. 154)
Russo, Michelle Cash. "Recovering from
Bibliographic Instruction Blahs." RQ:Reference Quarterly 32 (1992): 178-83.
Infotrac: Magazine Index Plus . CD-ROM.
Information Access. Dec. 1993.
Note: This section represents an emerging area for
documentation style. At the end of the entry, you may add as supplementary
information the electronic address you used to access the document: precede the
address with the word Available . We recommend this be
required.
Online Magazine
Article
Alexander, Jr., James. (1997, July, 30). "Voices on the
Rails: The Coming ofRadio to
America's Railroads." Trains Online . (Online), 1-9. Available:http://www.kalmbach.com/trains/ThisMonth/RailroadRadio.html
Online
Newspaper Article
Wood, Daniel B. (1997, July, 30). "Next Big
Push from California: No BilingualEd." The
Christian Science monitor (Online), pp. 1-2. Available:http://www.csmonitor.com/todays_paper/reduced/today/us/us.1html
Electronic
Mail:
Hoffman, Kit. SuperWalmart Proposed in Residential
Nashville. E-mailto the author. 7 July 1997.